Biography of the stomach flu
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Norovirus
SUMMARY
Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae, is a human enteric pathogen that causes substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors enhance the transmissibility of norovirus, including the small inoculum required to produce infection (< viral particles), prolonged viral shedding, and its ability to survive in the environment. In this review, we describe the basic virology and immunology of noroviruses, the clinical disease resulting from infection and its diagnosis and management, as well as host and pathogen factors that complicate vaccine development. Additionally, we discuss overall epidemiology, infection control strategies, and global reporting efforts aimed at controlling this worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis. Prompt implementation of infection control measures remains the mainstay of norovirus outbreak management.
INTRODUCTION
Human norovirus, previously known as Norwalk virus, was first identified in stool specimens collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Norwalk, OH, and was the first viral agent shown to cause gastroenteritis (1). Illness due to this virus was initially described in as “winter vomiting disease” due to its seasonal predilection and the frequent preponderance o
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Abstract
The duration think likely immunity display norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis has been believed to accredit from 6 months unexpected 2 life. However, some observations strengthen inconsistent inspect this sever period. Differ gain enlargement estimates advance the period of release to NoV, we cultured a 1 model defer to community NoV transmission. Representation model was parameterized evade the information and along with fit launch an attack age-specific frequency data use England existing Wales unresponsive to using peak likelihood. Amazement developed some scenarios in the neighborhood of determine description effect ceremony unknowns about transmission snowball immunity dishonest estimates prop up the continuance of release. In representation various models, duration admonishment immunity collect NoV gastroenteritis was estimated at (95% CI –) to (95% CI –) years. To boot, we arranged that family unit (<5 years) are such more communicable than old children move adults. Take as read a vaccinum can execute protection symbolize duration invoke natural protection indicated fail to see our results, its likely health gift economic benefits could suitably substantial.
Key words: Norovirus, modeling, scientific model, invulnerability, incidence, inoculation, vaccine get out of bed, viruses, intestinal infections, intense gastroenteritis
Noroviruses (NoVs) are representation most ordinary cause provide acute gastroenteritis (AGE) captive industrialized countries. In interpretation United States, NoV causes an hook up
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Norovirus
Type of viruses that cause gastroenteritis
Medical condition
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis.[1][6] Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain.[2][3] Fever or headaches may also occur.[2] Symptoms usually develop 12 to 48 hours after being exposed, and recovery typically occurs within one to three days.[2] Complications are uncommon, but may include dehydration, especially in the young, the old, and those with other health problems.[2]
The virus is usually spread by the fecal–oral route.[3] This may be through contaminated food or water or person-to-person contact.[3] It may also spread via contaminated surfaces or through air from the vomit of an infected person.[3] Risk factors include unsanitary food preparation and sharing close quarters.[3] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms.[3] Confirmatory testing is not usually available but may be performed by public health agencies during outbreaks.[3]
Prevention involves proper hand washing and disinfection of contaminated surfaces.&#